Mal Proceedings (Prosiding Mal)
Mal proceedings are the civil-type category of Syariah Court cases, covering divorce, maintenance, child custody and matrimonial property.
They differ from Syariah criminal proceedings, which cover offences such as failing to register an out-of-court divorce within the set time.
In real cases, most claims like fasakh, maintenance arrears and hadhanah fall under mal proceedings, and follow the balance-of-probabilities standard of proof.
Procedures and forms can vary a little from state to state.
For a real example of a mal proceeding, see fasakh divorce.