Sources we cite

How we use sources

Every specific claim on this site, a section number, a percentage, or an attribution, carries a citation to a public source next to it. We record the date we checked each source, so you can judge how current it is.

State enactments and court websites change over time. Where a state has not confirmed a detail, such as a fast-track service or a full district court list, we say so rather than guess.

Federal law

Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 (Act 303), via CommonLII: commonlii.org/my/legis/consol_act/iflta1984362
Syariah Court Civil Procedure (Federal Territories) Act 1998 (Act 585), cited through the Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan.

State enactments

Johor: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Johor) 2003, via syariah.johor.gov.my.
Kedah: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Kedah Darul Aman) 2008, via maik.kedah.gov.my.
Melaka: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Melaka) 2002, Enactment 12 of 2002, via maim.gov.my.
Negeri Sembilan: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Sembilan) 2003, via jksns.ns.gov.my.
Pahang: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam 2005 (Pahang), via jpsp.pahang.gov.my.
Perak: Enakmen Keluarga Islam (Perak) 2004, via dewan.perak.gov.my.
Perlis: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Perlis) 2006, via jksn.perlis.gov.my.
Penang: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 2004, via jaipp.penang.gov.my.
Sabah: Islamic Family Law Enactment 2004, and the Syariah Courts Enactment 2024, via sagc.sabah.gov.my.
Sarawak: Islamic Family Law Ordinance 2001, Chapter 43 of the Laws of Sarawak, via lawnet.sarawak.gov.my.
Selangor: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003, via mais.gov.my.
Terengganu: Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Terengganu) 2017, via maidam.gov.my.

Courts, JKSM and state judiciary

Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia (JKSM), national court directory: jksm.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Selangor (JAKESS): jakess.gov.my.
Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan (MSWP): mswp.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Johor (JKSNJ): syariah.johor.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Kedah: syariah.kedah.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Kelantan (JKSNK): kelantan.jksm.gov.my.
Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Melaka (MSNM): nexis.com.my/msnm.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Sembilan (JKSNS): jksns.ns.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Pahang (JKSP): jksp.pahang.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Perak: syariah.perak.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Perlis (JKSNPs): jksn.perlis.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Pulau Pinang (JKSNPP): jksnpp.penang.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Sabah: sabah.jksm.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak (JKSS): syariah.sarawak.gov.my.
Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Negeri Terengganu: syariah.terengganu.gov.my.

Agencies and religious authorities

Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS): mais.gov.my.
Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Melayu Perak (MAIPk): maipk.gov.my.
Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Perlis (MAIPs): maips.gov.my.
Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang (MAINPP): mainpp.gov.my.
Sabah State Attorney-General’s Chambers: sagc.sabah.gov.my.
Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sabah (JHEAINS): jheains.sabah.gov.my.
Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan, Al-Kafi li al-Fatawi: muftiwp.gov.my.
Portal Rasmi Islam.gov.my, iddah guideline: islam.gov.my.

How we date our sources

Next to each fact on an individual page, we show the source name and the date we accessed it. If a page you are reading cites a source not listed here, treat this list as a work in progress and message us so we can add it.

We recheck a source whenever we update the page it supports, rather than on a fixed schedule, since state websites do not all change at the same pace.